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The Torre di Moravola is a 10th-century medieval watch tower built in Umbria, central Italy, to guard the southern approaches of Montone by the Fortebraccio, a condottieri family of the Renaissance. Positioned on a hill top ridge, Madonna di Confine, overlooking the Carpini valley 450 metres above sea level, this strategic site served the dual purposes of holding the high ground and allowing the knights stationed there views of approach routes. On observing an approaching enemy the knights would signal Montone via line of sight. The warning time was sufficient to allow the citizens of Montone to retreat to defensive positions. == Architecture == Ancillary structures clustered around the central tower housed the garrison's knights and horses. Over the centuries the architecture has reflected the use of the site. Originally a place of worship in the 8th century, additional structures were added for defensive military purposes in the 10th and 12th centuries. Eventually the site was used as a farm with most of the structures falling into disrepair.〔Moravola, Bill Thayer, University of Chicago. (Umbria, Italy website )〕 In 1999 the site was purchased by architect Christopher Chong and designer Seonaid Mackenzie who embarked into what ultimately became a nine-year renovation program. Chong had worked on larger projects for James Stirling and Norman Foster, an example of which includes the shopping areas of Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok, Hong Kong. Local Italian construction codes required that new structures be confined to the footprints of existing structures and that basic historical attributes be maintained. The original floors and plans of the main tower had long since been lost through the mists of time, giving the design team a free hand to build, so long as the external building's exterior shell was preserved. The architectural methodology〔de zeen magazine. Torre di Moravola by Christopher Chong. 18 June 2013.〕〔Inhabitat. Torre di Moravola: Christopher Chong Converts a 12th Century Watchtower into a Boutique Hotel. Tafline Laylin. 06/9/2013.〕 includes a green approach that neatly integrates with acoustic goals for the property, a spa retreat hotel.〔Travel + Leisure, A Hotel in an Umbrian Watchtower, October 2007, Maria Shollenbarger.〕〔''Conde Nast Traveller'' magazine, September 2008, United Kingdom, pp. 67–68, "All about the watchtower", Lee Marshall〕〔''Vogue (magazine) USA'', December 2008, Conde Nast Publications, pp. 257–258, "Into the Heights", Richard Alleman〕〔Club 21, thirty five years of fabulous style, p. 36. Club 21's Hot 21, What's Hot and Whats Not.〕〔Maison's Cote Sud, Roularta, Numero 114, October–November 2008. Eternel retour. Laurence Dougier〕〔La Perla, Numero 5, Fall Winter 07–08. pp. 73–75. 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Die britische Automarke feiert ihren neuen Jaguar F-Type in der atemberaubenden Landschaft Umbriens. Gatto Salvaggio. June 14, 2013. 〕〔exklusivmünchen. Der neue Jaguar F-TYPE: Mehr als eine Testfahrt in Italien. Andrea Vodermayr. 17 Juni 2013. 〕 〔Diario Abierto. Un viaje de Carlota Casiraghi en Jaguar F-type. Carmen Duerto. lunes, 17 de junio de 2013.〕〔MSN Travel. Driving an F Type Jaguar in unspoilt Umbria Italy. Dominic Eames. June 27, 2013.〕〔The Luxury Channel. The Jaguar F-Type: For the Sweet Life!, Fiona Sanderson. July, 2013.〕〔Style.it. Conde Nast International. Brit trip nel cuore dell'Italia. Francesca Cibrario. 24 giugno 2013. 〕〔AskMen, Jaguar F-Type in Italy. Nicolas Stecher. July 2013.〕〔Grazia, IT LifeStyle Tendenze, Viaggo In Centro Italia (Tra Mari, Monti E Storia), Viaggi by Meraviglia Paper. 29 Agosto 2013.〕 〔The Sunday Times Style, La Dolce Vita, Francesca Hornak, pp. 41. July 21, 2013. 〕〔Director magazine. Road Trip, The Road to Rome, Gareth Herincx. p 92. 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